George spencer



110. 11,535. PATENTED AUG. 15, 1854.

e. SPENCER.

CAR WINDOW. A

mg Nomus Pnzn's co. morourna. WASHINGTON, 1:. c.

UNITED STATESPATENT oFFroE.

GEORGE SPENCER, or UTIOA, NEW YORK.

RAILROAD-CAR WINDOW.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 11,535, dated August 15, 1854.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Gnome SPENCER,

of the city of Utica, county of Oneida, and

State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Window to Aid in the Venti' lation of Railway-Cars; and I hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of. the construction and operationof the same, reference being had tohthe annexed drawing, making part of this specification, in which like letters refer to like parts.

The nature of my invention consists in providing a revolving window (that may be easily and conveniently managed by the passengers within the car,) and which may be readily placed in a position to leave an opening for the egress of the air, at the forward side of the window, in whichever direction the car may be moving, while at the same time the residue of the window will be closed; and which, by turning the sash a quarter ofits circle around, will leave the entire window closed. A convenient means is also afforded for opening one half.

of the entire window, for the admission of air from without when desired. A, B, in the annexed drawing, represents a face view of the window as seen within the car, including a section of the car-frame, D, E, F. Thewindow may be inserted as a substitute for, and in the place now occupied by, the windows of cars now in use, and the outer and inner panel-work G, H, I, K may be made to fit the cars now used. L, M, N, is a revolving sash turning on the center-pin 0. It is circular, with the exception of the clip P. The sash ismade in two parts which are connected by the hinges R. The part M, N, being part of a circle smaller than that of the inner panel, is capable of being opened inward, and is held in its place, when closed, by the small slide-bolt S, which is to be disengaged when ever it is desired to open the window and at other times it runs around the entire volves.

a is a part of the outer panel-work, (stationary) and intended to cover the opening P, when. the clipped side of the sash is turned downward, forming the underside of the circle. The Whole of the sashas thus described is to be glazed either with two panes of glass corresponding with the openings shown in the drawing, .or in smaller divisions as desired.

Thus it will be perceived that the sash L, M, N, may be revolved, in either direction, quite aroundthe circle at pleasure, leaving the openingP, in any position desired except at the bottom of the window, and that when it is at that point, the window will be entirely closed. When the opening P is in the forward part of the window, (toward the locomotive,) the car being in motion, a current of air escapes outward at that part of the window, from the interior of the car,

while the rear of the window, at which the dust enters when the car is in motion, remains covered.

The object above described may also be, in part, effected, by attaching a narrow fansash at each side of the ordinary window, so that either fan-sash may be opened, leaving a small opening at the forward partof the window, according to the direction of the movement of the car; or sashes may be arranged to slide horizontally either way, into the car frame.

It has :long been known that if an ordinary car-window is opened (sliding "up, vertically, in the usual way) when the car is in motion, a draft of air is occasioned out ward fromthe interior of the car, at the forward part of the window; and that there not be opened far enough to keep the cars atthestations comfortable, in very warm weather; and they also present a mechanical disadvantage when there is a strong wind with the cars, until the speed of the cars is greater than that of the wind. They are moreover liable to breakage in passing bridges, piles of lumber, wood, &c.

I desire it to be understood, therefore,

that I do not claim as original, the establishment of an outward current from within the car, nor that this result is peculiar to my construction of a car window. Neither do I claim the use of deflectors in any form whatever, as none are attached by me to any part of the car.

I am also aware that circular windows, to be revolved, and having their bearing at the center, have long been known and used to ventilate'churches and other public buildings. But whenever those windows are opened to the smallest extent, the opening reaches from the circumference to the center and could not, therefore, be used to accomplish the objects for which my window is intended. For it is well-known that an.

opening extending to the center of a railway car window would allow a strong current of air to enter laden with dust and cinders, the precise annoyance to be guarded against. I therefore disclaim the original its full extent, and having a small part of the circle cut off, so that, by revolving it upon its center, a small opening may be made at the forward part of the window, whichever way the car may be moving, the

residue of the window remaining at the same time, covered; substantially as described in the foregoing'specification.

GEO. SPENCER.

Witnesses WM. BAKER, ISAAC N. CoMsTooK. 

